— 心理社會完整性 · HARD · SATA —
護理師評估高齡病人是否存在潛在的受虐風險時，應監測哪些徵象？（選所有適合的）
Which signs and symptoms should the nurse monitor for when assessing a client for potential elder abuse? (Select all that apply.)
- AUnexplained bruises in various stages of healing✓ 正解處於不同癒合階段的不明原因瘀傷
- BFrequent visits to different clinics for the same complaint✓ 正解因相同主訴頻繁前往不同診所就診
- CFearful behavior toward the primary caregiver✓ 正解對主要照護者表現出恐懼的行為
- DPoor personal hygiene and unkempt appearance✓ 正解個人衛生不良且儀容不整
- EThe client brings a list of questions to every appointment病人每次就診都會帶一份問題清單
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高齡虐待徵象包含身體外傷（新舊痕跡並存）、行為異常（對照護者畏懼）、照護疏忽（衛生條件差）以及尋求醫療服務的異常模式（規避追蹤）。E選項「帶問題清單就診」是具備良好健康識能與積極參與照護的表現，非受虐指標。
Signs of elder abuse include physical injuries (old and new marks coexisting), behavioral abnormalities (fear of the caregiver), neglect (poor hygiene), and abnormal patterns of seeking medical care (avoidance of follow-up). Option E, bringing a question list to appointments, demonstrates good health literacy and active participation in care and is not an indicator of abuse.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國有強制通報系統（Mandatory Reporting），台灣亦有相關規範但執行度與法規定義需依地方政府政策而定。