— 心理社會完整性 · HARD · SATA —
一位 72 歲患有早期阿茲海默症的個案出現「日落症候群」(sundowning syndrome)。護理師的護理計畫應包含哪些？（選所有適合的）
A 72-year-old client with early-stage Alzheimer's disease is experiencing sundowning syndrome. Which interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)
- AIncrease activity levels during the morning hours✓ 正解增加早晨的活動量
- BKeep the room brightly lit during the evening hours在傍晚時段保持房間明亮
- CMaintain a consistent daily routine for the client✓ 正解為病人維持一致的每日作息
- DLimit daytime naps to prevent nocturnal confusion✓ 正解限制白天午睡以預防夜間混淆
- EProvide a familiar environment with comfort items✓ 正解提供有舒適物品的熟悉環境
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
日落症候群在傍晚發生，重點在於維持生理時鐘。晨間增加活動、減少日間睡眠、維持固定的生活節奏與熟悉環境都能改善。選項 B 若過度照明可能干擾睡眠週期，應維持適度照明即可，不建議刻意「強烈」照明，因此非正確選項。
Interventions for sundowning should focus on stabilizing the client's circadian rhythm by increasing activity during the morning, limiting daytime naps, and maintaining a consistent daily routine. Providing a familiar environment with comfort items further reduces anxiety, whereas excessive bright lighting in the evening may disrupt sleep patterns rather than help.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在台灣，護理師常需向家屬衛教維持固定作息對減輕日落症候群的重要性，因為台灣家屬參與照護程度較深。