— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
疑似腦膜炎的病人出現頸部僵硬。護理師應準備進行哪項診斷測試？
A patient with suspected meningitis presents with a stiff neck. Which diagnostic test is the nurse preparing for?
- AElectroencephalogram (EEG)腦電圖 (EEG)
- BBlood cultures血液培養
- CCT scan of the head頭部電腦斷層掃描
- DLumbar puncture✓ 正解腰椎穿刺
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
頸部僵硬（nuchal rigidity）是腦膜炎（meningitis）的典型徵兆（Brudzinski's sign 與 Kernig's sign）。確診腦膜炎的黃金標準是進行腰椎穿刺（lumbar puncture），透過採集腦脊髓液（CSF）分析其中的白血球、蛋白質、糖含量及進行細菌培養，以區分細菌性或病毒性感染，進而決定抗生素或抗病毒藥物的治療方向。
Nuchal rigidity, Brudzinski's sign, and Kernig's sign are hallmark signs of meningitis. Lumbar puncture is the gold standard diagnostic test, allowing analysis of CSF (white blood cells, protein, glucose, and culture) to distinguish bacterial from viral meningitis and guide treatment.