— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位因心臟衰竭服用 Furosemide 的病人，護理師應監測哪種電解質不平衡？
Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse monitor for in a client taking furosemide for heart failure?
- AHyperkalemia高血鉀症
- BHypokalemia✓ 正解低血鉀症
- CHypocalcemia低血鈣症
- DHypernatremia高血鈉症
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Furosemide 屬於環路利尿劑（Loop diuretic），其作用機轉為抑制腎小管亨利氏環（Loop of Henle）對鈉與鉀的再吸收。長期或高劑量服用會導致尿液中鉀離子大量流失，進而引發低鉀血症（Hypokalemia）。低鉀血症會增加心肌對毛地黃的敏感性，並引發嚴重的心律不整，因此護理師必須密切監測血鉀濃度。
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that acts by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and potassium in the loop of Henle. Long-term or high-dose use leads to significant urinary potassium loss, producing hypokalemia. Hypokalemia increases myocardial sensitivity to digitalis and can precipitate serious arrhythmias, so the nurse must closely monitor serum potassium levels.