護理師準備經鼻胃管給藥。應執行哪些步驟？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer medication via a nasogastric tube to a client. Which actions should the nurse perform? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify tube placement via gastric pH testing✓ 正解透過胃液 pH 值測試確認管路位置
- BCrush all tablets together for faster administration將所有錠劑一起磨碎以加快給藥速度
- CFlush the tube with 15-30 mL of sterile water before and after✓ 正解給藥前後以 15-30 mL 無菌水沖洗管路
- DCheck for gastric residual volume prior to administration✓ 正解給藥前檢查胃殘留量
- EElevate the head of the bed to at least 30 degrees✓ 正解將床頭抬高至少 30 度
經鼻胃管給藥（NG tube medication administration）的核心目標在於確保藥物順利進入胃部並避免吸入性肺炎（aspiration pneumonia）。護理師必須在給藥前確認管路位置（Tube placement verification），檢查胃殘餘量（Gastric residual volume, GRV）以評估消化吸收狀況，並將病人床頭抬高（Elevate HOB）至至少30度以降低逆流風險。同時，給藥前後的沖洗（Flushing）至關重要，可確保管路暢通並避免藥物殘留在管壁導致阻塞或劑量不足。
The core goal of nasogastric (NG) tube medication administration is to ensure medication reaches the stomach safely while preventing aspiration pneumonia. The nurse must verify tube placement before administration, check gastric residual volume (GRV) to assess digestion and absorption, and elevate the head of the bed (HOB) to at least 30 degrees to minimize reflux risk. In addition, flushing before and after medication is essential to maintain tube patency and prevent residual medication from clogging the tube or leading to subtherapeutic dosing.
美國臨床實踐中，對於連續鼻胃管餵食的GRV檢查指引已有更新，部分機構不再常規檢查GRV以避免不必要的干擾，但在此類NCLEX考題中，預防誤吸仍是核心安全原則，建議維持此標準答案。