護理師照護一位放置胸管的病人。下列哪項發現應立即通報醫師？
The nurse provides care for a client with a chest tube. Which finding should be reported to the healthcare provider immediately?
- ADrainage of 50 mL of serosanguineous fluid in 8 hours8小時內引流50 mL血清血性液體
- BIntermittent bubbling in the water seal chamber水封瓶內間歇性冒泡
- CFluctuation of the water level with respiration (tidaling)水位隨呼吸波動（潮汐現象）
- DContinuous bubbling in the water seal chamber✓ 正解水封瓶內持續性冒泡
水封瓶（water seal chamber）內的「持續氣泡」通常代表系統漏氣（Air leak），是不正常的發現。間歇氣泡（在咳嗽或吐氣時）對氣胸病人是正常的；液面隨呼吸波動（Tidaling）代表系統通暢且運作正常。8 小時引流 50 mL 漿液血性液體在術後是可接受的範圍（通常 >100 mL/hr 才需警覺）。
Continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber typically indicates an air leak in the system and is an abnormal finding. Intermittent bubbling (during coughing or exhalation) is expected in clients with pneumothorax; fluctuation of the fluid level with respiration (tidaling) indicates that the system is patent and functioning normally. Drainage of 50 mL of serosanguineous fluid over 8 hours is within acceptable postoperative limits (usually > 100 mL/hr is considered concerning).
美國護理師受訓時非常強調查尋漏氣點（Clamping test）；台灣臨床則需謹慎執行，避免造成張力性氣胸。