護理師準備為病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀。下列哪些是必要的安全預防措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride intravenously to a client. Which of the following is an essential safety precaution? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify the dose with another nurse✓ 正解請另一位護理師核對劑量。
- BAdminister as an intravenous push以靜脈推注方式給藥。
- CEnsure the concentration does not exceed 10 mEq/100 mL for peripheral infusion✓ 正解確保周邊輸注之濃度不超過 10 mEq/100 mL。
- DMonitor the infusion site for phlebitis✓ 正解監測輸注部位是否有靜脈炎跡象。
- EAssess renal function before administration✓ 正解給藥前評估腎功能。
氯化鉀（KCl）是高警訊藥物，靜脈輸注風險極大。絕對禁止直接推注（Push），因為高濃度鉀離子進入心臟會引發致命性心律不整。臨床上必須嚴格控管濃度（周邊靜脈通常不超過 10 mEq/100 mL），給藥前須確認病人腎功能良好（有足夠尿量），以確保鉀離子能正常代謝，並持續監測給藥部位以防滲漏導致組織壞死。
Potassium chloride (KCl) is a high-alert medication, and intravenous infusion carries significant risk. Direct IV push is absolutely contraindicated, because a high concentration of potassium entering the heart can trigger fatal arrhythmias. Clinically, concentration must be strictly controlled (typically no more than 10 mEq/100 mL for peripheral IVs), adequate renal function (sufficient urine output) must be confirmed prior to administration to ensure normal potassium metabolism, and the infusion site must be monitored continuously to prevent extravasation and tissue necrosis.