護理師為新診斷高血壓的病人進行出院指導。下列哪項飲食調整是護理師應強調的重點？
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client newly diagnosed with hypertension. Which dietary modifications should the nurse emphasize?
- AIncrease intake of sodium to replenish electrolytes增加鈉攝取以補充電解質
- BEliminate all carbohydrates from the daily diet從日常飲食中排除所有碳水化合物
- CConsume high amounts of red meat for protein intake大量攝取紅肉以獲取蛋白質
- DAdopt the DASH diet emphasizing fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy✓ 正解採用強調水果、蔬菜和低脂乳製品的 DASH 飲食
高血壓的管理核心在於生活型態調整，其中飲食控制佔有極大比重。DASH 飲食（Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension，得舒飲食）已被醫學界證實能有效降低收縮壓與舒張壓。其核心機轉在於透過高攝取量的鉀、鎂、鈣（來自蔬果、全穀類、低脂乳製品），來對抗鈉離子引起的血管收縮並促進鈉排除。相比之下，高鈉飲食會增加體液滯留，加重血管壁壓力，不利於血壓控制。
The core of hypertension management is lifestyle modification, of which dietary control plays a major role. The DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) has been demonstrated to effectively lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Its mechanism lies in the high intake of potassium, magnesium, and calcium (from vegetables and fruits, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products), which counteracts sodium-induced vasoconstriction and promotes sodium excretion. By contrast, a high-sodium diet increases fluid retention and raises pressure on the vessel walls, working against blood-pressure control.
DASH 飲食在美國醫療體系中被視為高血壓衛教的黃金標準（Gold Standard），台灣臨床亦廣泛推廣，但美國衛教更強調標示閱讀（Read labels）以避開隱藏的加工鈉。