— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人獲開立嗎啡（Morphine）以緩解劇烈疼痛。給藥前下列哪項評估為優先？
A client is prescribed Morphine sulfate for severe pain. Which assessment is the priority before administering the medication?
- ARespiratory rate✓ 正解呼吸頻率
- BHeart rate心率
- CBlood pressure血壓
- DPain intensity score疼痛強度評分
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
嗎啡（Morphine）屬於鴉片類致效劑，臨床上主要作用於中樞神經系統的μ-受體。其最嚴重的副作用是抑制腦幹的呼吸中樞，導致呼吸頻率下降、潮氣容積減少，嚴重時可致呼吸停止。因此，評估呼吸頻率（Respiratory rate）是給藥前的最高優先級（Priority）安全指標，確保病人在用藥後呼吸功能仍在安全範圍內。
Morphine is an opioid agonist acting on central nervous system mu-receptors. Its most severe side effect is suppression of the brainstem respiratory center, decreasing respiratory rate and tidal volume, potentially causing respiratory arrest. Therefore, assessing respiratory rate is the highest-priority safety check before administration to ensure post-dose respiratory function remains within a safe range.