護理師給予病人硫酸嗎啡（Morphine sulfate）。應密切監測哪項不良反應？
A nurse is administering morphine sulfate to a client. Which adverse effect should the nurse closely monitor for?
- ADiarrhea腹瀉
- BRespiratory depression✓ 正解呼吸抑制
- CHypertension高血壓
- DTachycardia心搏過速
嗎啡（Morphine）作為強效類鴉片藥物，主要透過作用於中樞神經系統的 mu 受體產生止痛效果，但同時會抑制腦幹的呼吸中樞。呼吸抑制（Respiratory depression）是嗎啡最嚴重且致命的副作用。護理師在給藥前必須確實評估病人的呼吸頻率與深度，若呼吸次數過低（通常小於 12 次/分），必須暫停給藥並評估病人意識，必要時準備納洛酮（Naloxone）。
Morphine is a potent opioid that produces analgesia through action on central nervous system mu receptors but also suppresses the respiratory center in the brainstem. Respiratory depression is morphine's most serious and life-threatening side effect. Before administration, the nurse must accurately assess the patient's respiratory rate and depth; if the rate is too low (typically less than 12 breaths/min), the dose must be held, level of consciousness reassessed, and naloxone prepared as needed.