— 降低風險 · EASY · SATA —
護理師衛教病人預防骨質疏鬆症，應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about the prevention of osteoporosis. Which of the following should be included in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
- AIncorporate weight-bearing exercises regularly✓ 正解定期進行負重運動
- BEnsure adequate intake of calcium and Vitamin D✓ 正解確保攝取足夠的鈣質和維生素 D
- CAvoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption✓ 正解避免吸菸和過度飲酒
- DRestrict caffeine intake✓ 正解限制咖啡因攝取
- EPerform swimming for 30 minutes daily每天游泳 30 分鐘
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
預防骨質疏鬆的核心包括：負重運動（如步行）可刺激骨質生成、充足鈣質與維生素 D 是骨基質必需品、戒菸與限酒可減少骨質流失、限制咖啡因可減少鈣質排泄。E（游泳）雖是良好的有氧運動，但非負重運動，對增加骨密度效果有限。
Core measures for preventing osteoporosis include weight-bearing exercise (such as walking) to stimulate bone formation, adequate calcium and vitamin D as the building blocks of bone matrix, smoking cessation and limited alcohol to reduce bone loss, and limited caffeine to decrease urinary calcium loss. Option E (swimming), while an excellent aerobic exercise, is not weight-bearing and has limited effect on increasing bone density.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國非常強調 Vitamin D 補充（因日照常不足）；台灣則較多強調補鈣與大骨湯（雖大骨湯鈣含量極低）。