— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師準備為病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀（KCl）。下列哪些措施對於確保安全是必要的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous potassium chloride to a client. Which actions are necessary to ensure safety? (Select all that apply.)
- AEnsure the concentration does not exceed 10 mEq/100 mL for peripheral lines✓ 正解確保周邊靜脈導管的濃度不超過 10 mEq/100 mL
- BAdminister the medication via an infusion pump✓ 正解通過輸注幫浦給藥
- CAssess IV site for phlebitis or infiltration prior to starting✓ 正解開始前評估靜脈穿刺部位是否有靜脈炎或滲漏
- DPerform a rapid bolus push to correct hypokalemia quickly快速推注以迅速糾正低血鉀
- EMonitor the client's cardiac rhythm continuously✓ 正解持續監測病人的心電圖節律
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
KCl 是高警戒藥物（High-alert medication），絕對禁止直接推注（Push），否則會導致心跳停止。必須經由輸液幫浦定量給予，周邊靜脈濃度限制在 10 mEq/100 mL 以防血管炎，並全程監測心律，因為鉀離子濃度變化直接影響心臟電生理。
KCl is a high-alert medication; direct IV push is absolutely prohibited because it can cause cardiac arrest. It must be administered through an infusion pump at a controlled rate, with peripheral concentrations limited to 10 mEq/100 mL to prevent phlebitis. Continuous cardiac monitoring is required throughout administration, because changes in potassium concentration directly affect cardiac electrophysiology.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美對高警訊藥物給藥流程極為相似，美國醫院多強制雙人核對（Double-check），台灣部分醫院亦跟進此機制。