照顧躁狂發作病人時，下列哪些護理措施是必要的？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are essential when caring for a client experiencing a manic episode? (Select all that apply.)
- AProvide high-calorie, finger-food snacks✓ 正解提供高熱量、手指食物點心
- BMaintain a calm, low-stimulation environment✓ 正解維持安靜、低刺激的環境
- CEncourage the client to engage in competitive sports鼓勵個案參與競爭性運動
- DSet firm, consistent limits on inappropriate behavior✓ 正解對不當行為設定堅定且一致的界限
- EMonitor for signs of physical exhaustion and dehydration✓ 正解監測身體耗竭與脫水的徵兆
躁狂發作（Manic episode）病人常處於極度興奮、活動量大且無法專注於進食的狀態。護理重點在於滿足生理需求（高熱量指引食物）、維持環境穩定（降低刺激）、設定行為結構（明確界限）以及密切監測生理指標（脫水、耗竭）。競爭性運動會進一步激發躁動，不適合此類病人。這些措施旨在預防病人因過度活動而導致體力耗竭或脫水，並建立安全感。
Patients in a manic episode are often extremely excited, hyperactive, and unable to focus on eating. Nursing priorities are to meet physiological needs (providing high-calorie finger foods), maintain a stable environment (reducing stimulation), establish a behavioral structure (clear limits), and closely monitor physiological parameters (dehydration, exhaustion). Competitive sports further escalate agitation and are inappropriate for these patients. These measures aim to prevent physical exhaustion or dehydration caused by excessive activity and to establish a sense of safety.