— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些評估發現顯示為酒精戒斷初期症狀？（選所有適合的）
Which assessment findings are indicative of early withdrawal from alcohol? (Select all that apply.)
- AHand tremors✓ 正解手部震顫
- BNausea and vomiting✓ 正解噁心與嘔吐
- CSeizures抽搐
- DAnxiety and irritability✓ 正解焦慮與易怒
- EAuditory hallucinations聽覺幻覺
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
酒精戒斷症狀的出現順序與嚴重程度反映了中樞神經系統對酒精的反彈性亢奮。初期（6-12 小時）常見症狀為顫抖、焦慮、噁心、嘔吐、高血壓與心跳過快。癲癇發作通常發生在戒斷後 12-24 小時，而幻覺或譫妄則可能在 24-48 小時後出現。護理師需透過 CIWA-Ar 量表進行評估，及時介入以預防進展至戒斷性譫妄（Delirium Tremens），這是潛在致命的併發症。
The onset sequence and severity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms reflect CNS rebound hyperactivity. Early symptoms (6-12 hours) include tremor, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, hypertension, and tachycardia. Seizures usually occur 12-24 hours after withdrawal, and hallucinations or delirium 24-48 hours later. The nurse uses CIWA-Ar scale for assessment and timely intervention to prevent progression to delirium tremens, a potentially fatal complication.