護理師為服用 warfarin 的出院病人進行指導，應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
Which instructions should the nurse include for a client prescribed warfarin (Coumadin) upon discharge? (Select all that apply.)
- AUse a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent gum bleeding✓ 正解使用軟毛牙刷以防止牙齦出血
- BIncrease intake of green leafy vegetables to improve clotting增加綠色葉菜攝取量以促進凝血
- CNotify the provider if you see dark, tarry stools✓ 正解若發現黑色柏油樣糞便，請通知醫療提供者
- DAvoid taking aspirin unless prescribed by the doctor✓ 正解除非經醫師處方，否則避免服用阿斯匹靈
- EConsistently maintain your current intake of Vitamin K-rich foods✓ 正解持續維持目前富含維生素 K 食物的攝取量
Warfarin 教育重點在於預防出血與維持穩定的維生素 K 攝取。軟毛牙刷減少牙齦出血風險（A）；黑便暗示腸胃道出血（C）；阿斯匹靈增加出血風險（D）；維生素 K 是 warfarin 的拮抗劑，應「維持穩定」而非突然增加或減少（E/B 錯誤）。增加綠色蔬菜會降低藥效。
Warfarin education centers on preventing bleeding and maintaining a stable intake of vitamin K. A soft-bristled toothbrush reduces the risk of gum bleeding (A); tarry stools suggest gastrointestinal bleeding (C); aspirin increases bleeding risk (D); and vitamin K is the antagonist of warfarin and intake should remain consistent rather than abruptly increased or decreased (E/B incorrect). Increasing green leafy vegetables reduces drug efficacy.
美國社區護理常設有 Anticoagulation Clinic 專責管理藥物；台灣多由心臟科或家醫科醫師門診追蹤，由藥師及護理師提供衛教。