護理師準備為病人給予靜脈注射抗生素。下列哪項行動對於降低潛在併發症風險至關重要？
A nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous antibiotic to a client. Which action is essential to reduce the risk of potential complications?
- AVerify the patient's identity using two identifiers✓ 正解使用兩種身分識別方式確認病人身份
- BFlush the IV line with normal saline before and after administration在給藥前後以生理食鹽水沖洗靜脈管路
- CMonitor the site for signs of phlebitis or infiltration監測穿刺部位是否有靜脈炎或滲漏跡象
- DCheck the medication label against the MAR three times將藥物標籤與給藥紀錄單核對三次
給藥安全是 NCLEX 考試中「風險降低（Reduction of Risk Potential）」領域的核心。在靜脈給藥（IV push/piggyback）前，最優先的行動是確保「給予正確的人」，即病人安全辨識。依據護理標準，必須使用至少兩種識別符（如姓名、出生年月日、病歷號或條碼掃描），這能有效預防給藥錯誤。其他如管路沖洗或藥物核對雖屬給藥流程步驟，但在權重上，無法取代身分辨識的優先性。
Medication safety is central to the NCLEX domain of Reduction of Risk Potential. Before IV administration (push or piggyback), the highest priority action is to ensure that the medication is given to the correct client, that is, accurate client identification. According to nursing standards, at least two identifiers must be used (such as name, date of birth, medical record number, or barcode scanning); this effectively prevents medication errors. Other actions such as line flushing or medication checks are part of the administration process but cannot replace identity verification in priority.
美國醫院廣泛使用條碼給藥系統（BCMA），護理師在給藥前必須掃描病人手圈與藥袋。台灣目前亦普遍推行，但美國在「Two Patient Identifiers」的規定執行上極為嚴格，屬於 JCI 評鑑重點。