— 照護管理 · HARD · SATA —
哪些行為顯示護理師充分展現了病人權益維護（Client Advocacy）？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions demonstrates the nurse's understanding of client advocacy? (Select all that apply.)
- ASupporting the client's decision to refuse a treatment✓ 正解支持病人拒絕治療的決定
- BQuestioning a medication order that seems unsafe✓ 正解質疑看似不安全的藥物醫囑
- CAssisting the client to communicate their concerns to the physician✓ 正解協助病人向醫師表達其疑慮
- DTelling the client they must follow the physician's orders告知病人必須遵從醫師醫囑
- EProtecting the client's rights to confidentiality✓ 正解保護病人隱私權
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
病人權益維護的核心在於尊重自主權（Autonomy）、維護安全（Safety）與保護隱私。支持拒絕治療是尊重自主權；質疑不安全醫囑是維護病人安全；協助溝通是賦權病人；保護隱私則符合倫理標準。D 選項強制病人服從違反了病人自主性，非 advocacy 的表現。
The core of client advocacy lies in respecting autonomy, safeguarding safety, and protecting privacy. Supporting refusal of treatment respects autonomy; questioning unsafe orders preserves patient safety; facilitating communication empowers the client; and protecting privacy meets ethical standards. Option D, forcing the client to comply, violates client autonomy and is not an example of advocacy.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫護互動更強調病人自主決策，台灣受傳統文化影響較深，但現代護理教育已大幅強化病人自主權之維護。