— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位急性胰臟炎病人被醫囑禁食（NPO）。此醫囑的主要目的為何？
A client with acute pancreatitis is prescribed nothing by mouth (NPO). What is the primary rationale for this intervention?
- ALower blood pressure by reducing systemic metabolic demand透過降低全身代謝需求來降低血壓
- BPrevent the aspiration of gastric contents預防胃內容物吸入
- CAllow the inflamed pancreas to rest and decrease enzyme production✓ 正解讓發炎中的胰臟休息並減少酵素分泌
- DFacilitate the absorption of intravenous medications促進靜脈給藥的吸收
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
胰臟在進食時會分泌消化酵素，在胰臟炎發作期間，這些酵素若在胰臟內被過早活化，將導致胰臟組織的自我消化與壞死。禁食的目標在於降低對胰臟的刺激，減少消化酶分泌，讓發炎的器官獲得修復空間，這是控制病情惡化的關鍵治療步驟。
The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes during food intake. During an acute pancreatitis episode, if these enzymes are prematurely activated within the pancreas, they cause autodigestion and necrosis of pancreatic tissue. The goal of NPO status is to decrease stimulation of the pancreas and reduce digestive enzyme secretion, allowing the inflamed organ space to heal. This is a key therapeutic step in preventing disease progression.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美均採禁食原則，但美國近期更傾向儘早啟動腸道營養（Enteral nutrition）以維持黏膜屏障。