一位剛接受下肢石膏固定的病人，下列哪些徵象暗示有神經血管受損的風險？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a new cast on the lower extremity. Which signs suggest neurovascular compromise? (Select all that apply.)
- ACapillary refill of 5 seconds✓ 正解毛細血管再充盈時間為 5 秒
- BParesthesia of the toes✓ 正解腳趾感覺異常
- CAbsence of distal pulses✓ 正解遠端脈搏消失
- DCool skin temperature of the extremity✓ 正解肢體皮膚溫度冰冷
- EPain that is relieved by elevation抬高後可緩解的疼痛
石膏過緊導致腔室症候群（Compartment Syndrome），需監測 6P 徵象：疼痛（Pain）、蒼白（Pallor）、無脈搏（Pulselessness）、感覺異常（Paresthesia）、麻痺（Paralysis）、涼冷（Poikilothermia）。選項 A、B、C、D 皆符合神經血管壓迫的徵象。E 選項中，疼痛若能被抬高患肢緩解，通常為正常的靜脈回流改善，而非嚴重的神經血管損害。
A cast that is too tight can cause compartment syndrome; the nurse should monitor for the 6 Ps: Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paresthesia, Paralysis, and Poikilothermia (coolness). Options A, B, C, and D all reflect signs of neurovascular compromise. In option E, pain that is relieved by elevation generally indicates normal improvement in venous return rather than serious neurovascular injury.
台灣石膏技術多由醫師或石膏技師處理，美國則強調護理師在初期石膏乾燥期的神經血管評估責任。