哪項評估結果需要護理師暫停給予下一劑毛地黃(Digoxin)?
Which assessment finding requires the nurse to hold the next dose of digoxin?
- ABlood pressure of 110/70 mmHg血壓 110/70 mmHg
- BPotassium level of 4.2 mEq/L鉀離子濃度 4.2 mEq/L
- CApical heart rate of 56 bpm✓ 正解心尖脈搏 56 bpm
- DPresence of peripheral edema周邊水腫
毛地黃(Digoxin)是一種強心苷類藥物,用於治療心臟衰竭和心房顫動。其治療窗(therapeutic window)狹窄,容易產生毒性。監測心率是給藥前的重要步驟,因為毛地黃具有負性變時作用(negative chronotropic effect),會減慢心率。臨床上通常規定,若病人心率(特別是心房顫動病人的反應率)低於每分鐘 60 次(bpm),則應暫停給藥,並通知醫師,以預防心搏過緩(bradycardia)甚至心跳停止。選項 C(心率 56 bpm)符合此暫停給藥的標準。鉀離子(Potassium)水平對毛地黃毒性有影響,低血鉀會增加毒性風險,但 4.2 mEq/L 屬於正常範圍。血壓 110/70 mmHg 尚在可接受範圍。周邊水腫(peripheral edema)是心臟衰竭的常見症狀,毛地黃的目標是改善此狀況,而非暫停給藥的指標。
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside used to treat heart failure and atrial fibrillation. It has a narrow therapeutic window and is prone to toxicity. Monitoring the heart rate is an important step prior to administration because digoxin has a negative chronotropic effect that slows the heart rate. Clinically, it is standard practice to withhold the dose if the client's heart rate (particularly the ventricular response rate in atrial fibrillation) is below 60 beats per minute (bpm), and notify the physician, to prevent bradycardia or even cardiac arrest. Option C (heart rate 56 bpm) meets this criterion for withholding the dose. Potassium levels affect digoxin toxicity, and hypokalemia increases the risk, but 4.2 mEq/L is within the normal range. A blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg is within an acceptable range. Peripheral edema is a common symptom of heart failure, which digoxin is intended to improve, and is not an indicator to withhold the dose.
毛地黃(Digoxin)的給藥前評估標準(心率 < 60 bpm 暫停)在美國與台灣的臨床實務中是完全一致的,這是一個全球通用的藥物安全準則。兩地醫療機構都會有相關的藥物操作指引(medication administration guidelines)。差異可能體現在:美國的護理師在執行前評估時,可能更習慣利用電子病歷系統(EHR)內建的警示功能(alert system),該系統會自動提醒心率過低時應暫停給藥。台灣的醫院也陸續導入 EHR,但傳統紙本病歷或較早期的系統可能對此類警示功能較不完善,護理師需更依賴自身專業知識與細心度。