護理師準備對一位低血鉀病人進行靜脈注射氯化鉀，下列哪項行動最優先？
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride intravenously to a client with hypokalemia. Which of the following actions is the priority?
- ACheck the client's urine output✓ 正解檢查病人的尿液排出量
- BDilute the potassium in the IV bag將鉀稀釋於靜脈輸液袋中
- CVerify the patient's identity確認病人身分
- DEnsure the IV site is patent確保靜脈通路暢通
鉀離子主要經由腎臟排泄，靜脈輸注鉀離子（KCl）具有高度危險性，若腎功能不佳導致無法排出，將迅速引發致命性高血鉀症，導致心律不整甚至心跳停止。因此，確認腎功能（尿量至少 30 mL/hr）是給藥前的必要條件。這是基於生理適應（Physiological Adaptation）與安全性（Safety）的優先級判斷。
Potassium is primarily excreted by the kidneys, and IV potassium chloride administration is highly hazardous. If renal function is poor and potassium cannot be excreted, life-threatening hyperkalemia can quickly develop, leading to dysrhythmias and even cardiac arrest. Therefore, confirming adequate renal function (urine output of at least 30 mL/hr) is a prerequisite for administration. This priority is based on physiologic adaptation and safety considerations.
美國醫院對於靜脈輸注鉀離子的規範極嚴，通常需使用輸液幫浦（Infusion pump），且嚴禁直接推注（Push），考試中此類題型極為常見，務必掌握其安全性優先權。