病人安排進行靜脈腎盂造影 (IVP)。護理師評估哪種過敏史最為關鍵？

靜脈腎盂造影（Intravenous Pyelogram, IVP）需經由靜脈注射含碘（Iodine）顯影劑，以利在 X 光下顯影泌尿系統。對於有碘過敏史的病人，注射顯影劑可能觸發嚴重的過敏反應（Anaphylaxis），包括血管性水腫、支氣管痙攣及過敏性休克。在進行此類侵入性放射檢查前，護理師必須執行完整的過敏史評估，這是確保病人安全的核心護理職責。若病人有貝類或碘過敏史，護理師應立即通知放射科與醫師，評估是否需改用其他檢查方式，或預先給予抗組織胺（Antihistamines）及皮質類固醇（Corticosteroids）進行預防性投藥。

An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) utilizes iodine-based contrast media to visualize the urinary tract, making a history of shellfish or iodine allergy the most critical assessment. Such allergies increase the risk of severe hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, during the procedure. The nurse must identify these sensitivities beforehand to notify the provider and implement preventive measures or alternative imaging strategies.