護理師正在照顧一位急性氣喘惡化的病人。護理師預期會給予何種藥物以提供快速的支氣管擴張?
A nurse is caring for a client experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation. The nurse anticipates administering which medication to provide rapid bronchodilation?
- AShort-acting beta-agonist (SABA)✓ 正解短效乙二型受體促效劑(SABA)
- BInhaled corticosteroid吸入性皮質類固醇
- CLong-acting beta-agonist (LABA)長效乙二型受體促效劑(LABA)
- DLeukotriene modifier白三烯素調節劑
急性氣喘發作時,氣管平滑肌發生痙攣並伴隨黏膜水腫,導致呼吸道阻塞。此時需要能「立即」作用於乙二型受體(Beta-2 receptors)的藥物,以迅速鬆弛平滑肌並擴張支氣管,改善通氣。短效乙二型受體促效劑(SABA)如沙丁胺醇(albuterol)即為此目的的首選。其他藥物如類固醇或長效藥物,作用時間較長,無法作為急性發作時的第一線緩解藥物。
Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) are the first-line treatment for acute asthma exacerbations because they provide rapid bronchodilation by relaxing airway smooth muscles. Other medications like inhaled corticosteroids or long-acting agents are intended for long-term control and do not offer the immediate relief required during an acute attack.
在美國臨床,急性氣喘處置流程通常包含 SABA 的霧化或 MDI 吸入,並常結合短效抗膽鹼藥物(如 Ipratropium)進行雙重支氣管擴張,台灣臨床亦同,但護理師需特別注意評估給藥後的呼吸音變化。