— 照護管理 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師為服用 Warfarin 的新病人進行出院衛教，下列哪些內容應列入？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer discharge teaching for a client with a new prescription for warfarin. Which of the following should the nurse include in the instruction? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a consistent intake of foods high in Vitamin K✓ 正解維持高維生素 K 食物的攝取量一致
- BUse a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent gum bleeding✓ 正解使用軟毛牙刷以預防牙齦出血
- CReport any signs of dark, tarry stools immediately✓ 正解立即報告任何黑便跡象
- DIncrease intake of green leafy vegetables to boost immune system增加綠色葉菜攝取量以增強免疫力
- EAvoid the use of aspirin or NSAIDs without provider approval✓ 正解未經醫療提供者批准，避免使用阿斯匹靈或非類固醇抗發炎藥
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Warfarin 是一種維生素 K 拮抗劑。病人需維持維生素 K 攝取量恆定，而非完全禁止，以免抗凝血效應波動。出血風險監控極為重要，且藥物交互作用（如 NSAIDs）會增強出血風險，故必須衛教避免自行服藥。
Clients taking warfarin should maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods to prevent fluctuations in INR levels and use soft-bristled toothbrushes to minimize bleeding risk. They must report signs of gastrointestinal bleeding, such as dark tarry stools, and avoid aspirin or NSAIDs unless approved, as these medications increase bleeding risk.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國多由藥師或護理師進行詳細藥物衛教；台灣藥師衛教權限較重，護理師則側重於出血徵象辨識。