護理師教導病人自行注射依諾肝素 (enoxaparin),為降低併發症風險,應包含哪些指導?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of enoxaparin. Which instructions should the nurse include to minimize the risk of complications? (Select all that apply.)
- AInject the medication into the abdominal fat pad✓ 正解將藥物注入腹部脂肪墊
- BExpel the air bubble from the pre-filled syringe before injection注射前排出預填式針筒內的空氣泡
- CDo not rub the injection site after administering the dose✓ 正解給藥後勿揉搓注射部位
- DAlternate injection sites between the left and right sides of the abdomen✓ 正解在腹部左右側交替注射部位
- EAspirate by pulling back the plunger before injecting the medication注射前回抽活塞以確認是否進入血管
核心概念:皮下抗凝血劑的安全給藥技術。Enoxaparin(Lovenox)的注射方式與一般皮下注射略有不同。為何正確答案對:A 確保吸收速度穩定;C 避免局部組織損傷導致血腫或瘀青;D 預防組織過度受損。為何其他選項錯:B 錯誤,注射器內的氣泡是為了確保藥物完全進入並留在皮下(air lock),不可排掉;E 錯誤,皮下注射抗凝劑絕對不可回抽(aspirate),會增加血腫風險。臨床思路:精確的給藥技術是降低風險的核心,護理師必須糾正病人常見的錯誤動作(如排氣泡、揉傷口、回抽),以預防局部併發症。
The nurse should instruct the client to inject enoxaparin into the abdominal fat pad, alternate sides to prevent tissue damage, and avoid rubbing the site to reduce hematoma risk. The air bubble in the pre-filled syringe should not be expelled, and aspiration is contraindicated as it increases bleeding risk.
美國護理教育極度強調 Lovenox 氣泡不可排掉(Air lock technique);台灣部分臨床教材或資深人員可能仍習慣排氣泡,護理師需依據實證指南(Evidence-based practice)進行正確衛教。