照護留置導尿管病人時，護理師應採取哪項行動以將感染風險降至最低？
Which action should the nurse take to minimize the risk of infection when caring for a client with an indwelling urinary catheter?
- ADisconnect the catheter from the drainage bag to collect a specimen斷開導尿管與引流袋以收集檢體
- BEnsure a continuous downhill flow of urine✓ 正解確保尿液持續向下流動
- CClean the perineal area with antiseptic solution twice daily每日兩次以消毒劑清潔會陰區域
- DMaintain the drainage bag above the level of the bladder將引流袋保持在膀胱水平以上
留置導尿管（indwelling urinary catheter）是導致醫院內泌尿道感染（Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection, CAUTI）最常見的原因之一。護理師的主要職責是採取嚴格的感染控制措施，以降低病人發生CAUTI的風險。維護導尿系統的密閉性、確保尿液順暢引流，以及正確的會陰護理，都是預防感染的核心策略。任何可能導致細菌逆行性感染或系統開放的行為都應避免，以保護病人安全。
Ensuring continuous downhill flow of urine via gravity drainage prevents urinary stasis and backflow, which significantly reduces the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). The drainage bag must always remain below the level of the bladder, and the system should stay closed to maintain sterility and prevent bacterial entry.
留置導尿管的照護原則與預防CAUTI的措施，在台灣和美國的臨床實踐中是高度一致的。兩地皆強調維持密閉系統、確保引流順暢、以及標準的會陰護理，以最大程度降低感染風險。在導管照護的專業指引上並無顯著差異。