一位病人正接受靜脈滴注萬古黴素(Vancomycin)。護理師應監測下列何種臨床表徵以預防紅人症(Red Man Syndrome)?
A client is prescribed intravenous vancomycin. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse monitor for to identify Red Man Syndrome?
- AFlushing of the face, neck, and upper torso✓ 正解臉部、頸部和上軀幹潮紅
- BGeneralized urticaria and pruritus全身性蕁麻疹和搔癢
- CHypotension and wheezing低血壓和喘鳴
- DPain and swelling at the IV site靜脈注射部位疼痛和腫脹
核心概念:萬古黴素(Vancomycin)引起的紅人症候群(Red Man Syndrome, RMS)的臨床表徵。 為何正確答案對: B. 紅人症候群的主要特徵是輸注過快導致組織胺(Histamine)釋放,引起頸部、胸部、臉部及上軀幹的皮膚潮紅(Flushing)、發癢(Pruritus),有時伴隨紅斑。這是 RMS 的典型臨床表現,護理師應密切監測此類皮膚變化。 為何其他選項錯: C. 低血壓(Hypotension)和喘鳴(Wheezing)可能與嚴重的過敏反應(Anaphylaxis)有關,而非典型的 RMS 表現。RMS 通常不伴隨嚴重的呼吸道症狀。 B. 全身性蕁麻疹(Generalized urticaria)和搔癢(Pruritus)雖然有搔癢,但蕁麻疹(風疹塊)是更嚴重的過敏表現,RMS 主要表現為潮紅而非蕁麻疹。兩者雖有相似之處,但潮紅是 RMS 的標誌性症狀。 D. 注射部位的疼痛和腫脹(Pain and swelling at the IV site)通常與靜脈炎(Phlebitis)或滲漏(Infiltration)有關,而非 RMS 的表現。
Red Man Syndrome is a histamine-mediated reaction caused by the rapid infusion of vancomycin, characterized primarily by flushing and erythema of the face, neck, and upper torso. While it may cause pruritus, it is distinct from anaphylaxis, which presents with wheezing and hypotension, and from localized IV complications like phlebitis or infiltration.