— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位第一型糖尿病病人意識喪失，血糖為 35 mg/dL。護理師應優先採取哪項措施？
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 35 mg/dL. Which action should the nurse take first?
- AAdminister 50% dextrose IV push✓ 正解靜脈推注 50% 葡萄糖
- BOffer 4 ounces of orange juice提供 4 盎司柳橙汁
- CAdminister glucagon intramuscularly肌肉注射升糖素
- DStart an infusion of D5W開始輸注 D5W
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
當病人發生嚴重低血糖且意識喪失時，首要考量是立即提升血糖濃度以恢復大腦代謝。由於病人意識喪失，無法安全吞嚥，口服葡萄糖液會導致吸入性肺炎（Aspiration Pneumonia）。因此，靜脈注射 50% 葡萄糖（D50W）是恢復意識最快且最有效的途徑。其他選項如給予肌肉注射升糖素（Glucagon）雖為次要選擇，但 D50W 的反應速度更快。
For an unconscious client with severe hypoglycemia, the priority is rapid glucose restoration via intravenous 50% dextrose, as oral intake poses a high aspiration risk. IV dextrose acts faster than intramuscular glucagon, which is reserved for situations where IV access is unavailable. Immediate correction is critical to prevent permanent neurological damage.