— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師照顧一位恐慌症患者，病人正經歷急性恐慌發作。護理師應優先採取何項措施？
A nurse is caring for a client with panic disorder. The client is experiencing an acute panic attack. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize?
- AEncourage the client to take deep breaths鼓勵病人深呼吸
- BAdminister the prescribed PRN anxiolytic medication給予處方中的按需抗焦慮藥物
- CStay with the client and maintain a calm, quiet environment✓ 正解陪伴病人並維持平靜、安靜的環境
- DAsk the client to explain what triggered the panic詢問病人是什麼觸發了恐慌
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性恐慌發作時，病人的感知範圍縮小至僅能關注生存。首要目標是提供安全感與減少環境刺激。留在病人身邊能降低其無助感，安靜環境有助於焦慮緩解。深呼吸雖有效，但在極度恐慌時病人難以配合；詢問觸發因素會增加認知負荷。
During an acute panic attack, the priority is to stay with the client to provide safety and maintain a calm, quiet environment to reduce sensory stimulation. Non-pharmacological support is the first-line intervention, whereas asking about triggers or expecting deep breathing may overwhelm the client during this period.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美均強調對恐慌病人的陪伴與環境控管，但在美國急診或精神科，護理師依醫囑給予 PRN 藥物的比例相對較高。