— 照護管理 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位病人預計接受手術。關於知情同意書（Informed Consent），下列何者敘述正確？
A client is scheduled for a surgical procedure. Which of the following is true regarding informed consent?
- AThe nurse's role is to witness the client's signature and verify competency✓ 正解護理師的角色是見證病人的簽名並確認其具備簽署能力
- BThe nurse is responsible for explaining the risks and benefits of the surgery護理師負責解釋手術的風險與益處
- CThe nurse is responsible for ensuring the family agrees with the procedure護理師負責確保家人同意該程序
- DThe nurse should sign the consent form to confirm the procedure is necessary護理師應簽署同意書以確認該程序具有必要性
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
知情同意書（Informed Consent）的核心在於保障病人的自主權與知情權。法律規定，醫師必須向病人詳細說明手術目的、益處、風險、替代方案以及拒絕治療的後果。護理師的角色並非醫療決策的解釋者，而是作為見證人。護理師需確認病人簽署時意識清醒（Competent）、自願簽署（Voluntary），並確認簽署過程符合法律程序。
The physician is legally responsible for explaining the procedure, risks, and benefits to obtain informed consent. The nurse's role is to witness the client's signature and verify that the client is competent and signing voluntarily.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國，這項規定極為嚴格。護理師若越權解釋手術內容，發生醫療糾紛時將承擔嚴重法律責任。台灣臨床有時會有護理師代為說明的情形，但準備 NCLEX 時必須嚴守「護理師僅負責見證簽署」的原則。