— 降低風險 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照護一位接受髖關節置換術後的病人，下列哪項措施最能有效預防深部靜脈栓塞？
A nurse is caring for a client who is post-operative following a hip arthroplasty. Which action is most effective in preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
- AKeep the knees flexed at a 90-degree angle保持膝蓋彎曲呈90度角
- BEncourage early ambulation as prescribed✓ 正解鼓勵按規定早期下床活動
- CRestrict oral fluid intake to prevent edema限制口服液體攝取以預防水腫
- DMassage the lower extremities to improve circulation按摩下肢以改善循環
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
深部靜脈栓塞（DVT）是髖關節置換術後常見的嚴重併發症。預防 DVT 的核心機制在於促進下肢血液回流，防止血液淤滯（Stasis）。早期下床活動（Early Ambulation）能利用肌肉幫浦作用（Muscle pump），顯著增加靜脈回流速度，是目前公認最有效的預防措施。其他選項如屈膝會造成靜脈受壓，按摩可能導致栓子脫落，而限制水分會造成血液濃縮，皆為危險行為。
Early ambulation is the most effective intervention for preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after hip arthroplasty because it utilizes the muscle pump mechanism to promote venous return and prevent blood stasis. Keeping knees flexed, restricting fluids, or massaging the legs can increase the risk of thrombus formation or embolization.