護理師照護一位髖關節置換術後的病人。護理師應採取哪項措施以減少靜脈栓塞（VTE）的風險？
A nurse is caring for a client who is post-operative following a hip arthroplasty. Which action by the nurse is the most important to reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE)?
- AMassage the lower extremities to improve circulation按摩下肢以改善循環
- BMaintain bed rest for 48 hours維持臥床休息 48 小時
- CEncourage early and frequent ambulation✓ 正解鼓勵早期且頻繁的下床活動
- DApply warm compresses to the calf area在小腿區域應用熱敷
髖關節術後血栓預防的首要策略是儘早活動。肌肉收縮能促進下肢靜脈血液回流，防止滯留。長期臥床反而增加血栓機率。按摩患肢容易導致既有血栓脫落形成肺栓塞，熱敷亦非標準預防程序，故鼓勵早期下床活動為最有效且安全的預防護理措施。
The primary strategy for thromboembolism prevention after hip surgery is early ambulation. Muscle contraction promotes venous return from the lower extremities and prevents blood stasis. Prolonged bed rest, in contrast, increases the risk of thrombosis. Massaging the affected limb may dislodge an existing thrombus and cause pulmonary embolism, and applying heat is not a standard preventive procedure. Therefore, encouraging early ambulation is the most effective and safest preventive nursing intervention.
美台臨床皆視早期活動為護理重點，但美國護理師依 protocol 執行頻率更具主導權。