一位心臟衰竭病患每日服用 digoxin 0.25 mg。護理師應將下列哪項評估結果視為 digoxin 中毒的早期徵兆?
A client with heart failure is receiving digoxin 0.25 mg daily. Which assessment finding should the nurse identify as an early sign of digoxin toxicity?
- ALoss of appetite and nausea✓ 正解食慾喪失和噁心
- BVision changes such as seeing yellow-green halos視覺改變,例如看到黃綠色光暈
- CSudden increase in urine output尿液排出量突然增加
- DHeart rate of 110 beats per minute心率每分鐘 110 次
Digoxin 核心概念為治療窗狹窄,中毒早期徵兆通常從腸胃道開始。為何 A 正確:噁心、嘔吐與食慾不振是藥物濃度過高最先出現的非特異性症狀。為何其他選項錯:C(黃綠視)雖是典型特徵,但通常出現在腸胃症狀之後,不屬於「最早」期。D(心搏過速)錯誤,digoxin 中毒更常見的是心搏過緩(Bradycardia)。B 與藥物毒性無直接正相關。臨床思路:護理師在給藥前必須測量心尖脈(Apical Pulse)一分鐘,若小於 60 次應暫緩給藥並通報,安全優先原則在於早期辨識輕微症狀以預防致命性心律不整。
Gastrointestinal symptoms such as anorexia and nausea are the earliest and most common signs of digoxin toxicity due to its narrow therapeutic window. While visual disturbances like yellow-green halos are characteristic, they typically appear later, and toxicity usually presents with bradycardia rather than tachycardia.
在美國 NCLEX 考試中,Digoxin 常考與血鉀(Hypokalemia)的關聯性,強調護理師的主動評估;台灣臨床則更常強調藥物血清濃度的監測(TDM)數值回報,對於心尖脈測量的落實度在不同病房單位間差異較大。