護理師準備為病人給予靜脈注射抗生素。哪項措施對於預防藥物不良反應最為有效？
A nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous antibiotic to a client. Which action is most effective in preventing an adverse drug event?
- AAsk the client to state their name and date of birth請病人自報姓名和出生日期
- BCheck the client's allergy record before administration✓ 正解在給藥前檢查病人的過敏紀錄
- CPerform a triple check of the medication label對藥物標籤進行三重檢查
- DVerify the medication against the physician's order根據醫師醫囑核對藥物
在用藥安全（Medication Safety）中，預防嚴重不良反應（如過敏性休克 Anaphylaxis）的首要任務是確認病人對藥物是否有過敏史。雖然給藥的三讀五對（Triple Check/Five Rights）是常規流程，但若藥物本身會誘發致命過敏，核對醫囑與身分並無法阻止過敏反應的發生。因此，臨床思路必須將「過敏評估」置於給藥流程的最前線，這屬於預防潛在風險（Reduction of Risk Potential）的核心指標。
Checking the client's allergy record is the most effective action to prevent life-threatening anaphylaxis, which takes precedence over standard verification steps like the triple check or identity confirmation. Although verifying the order and identity are routine safety measures, they do not prevent an allergic reaction if the client has a known sensitivity to the antibiotic.
美國醫院高度依賴電子病歷（EMR）系統的警示功能（Hard stop/Soft stop），當護理師掃描藥物時，系統會自動比對過敏清單。但在台灣臨床，仍強調護理師手動詢問與紙本/系統雙重確認過敏史。