— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位病患被診斷為低血鉀，護理師在身體評估中應預期觀察到什麼現象？
A client is diagnosed with hypokalemia. Which finding should the nurse anticipate observing during the physical assessment?
- AHyperactive deep tendon reflexes深層肌腱反射亢進
- BMuscle weakness and hypoactive bowel sounds✓ 正解肌肉無力與腸鳴音減弱
- CShortened ST segment on the ECG心電圖上 ST 段縮短
- DTall, peaked T waves高聳且尖銳的 T 波
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鉀離子（Potassium）是調節細胞膜電位與神經肌肉傳導的關鍵電解質。低血鉀（Hypokalemia）會導致神經肌肉細胞的靜止膜電位過極化，使其興奮性降低，從而引發骨骼肌無力與平滑肌功能障礙。臨床上，這表現為腸蠕動減慢，甚至引發麻痺性腸阻塞（Paralytic ileus）。在心電圖上，低血鉀典型表現為 T 波平坦或倒置、ST 段下移及出現 U 波。
Hypokalemia reduces neuromuscular excitability by causing hyperpolarization of cell membranes, leading to skeletal muscle weakness and impaired smooth muscle function. Clinically, this manifests as hypoactive bowel sounds and potential paralytic ileus, while electrocardiogram findings typically include flattened T waves, ST-segment depression, and the presence of U waves.