— 照護管理 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
急診室護理師收到四名病人的報告。護理師應優先評估哪位病人?
The nurse in the emergency department (ED) receives reports on four clients. Which client should the nurse assess first?
- AA client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a pulse oximetry of 91%一位慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者,其血氧飽和度為 91%
- BA client with a closed fracture of the tibia reporting pain of 8 on a 1-10 scale一位脛骨閉合性骨折患者,主訴疼痛指數為 8 分(1-10 分制)
- CA client with a history of asthma reporting a sore throat and a raspy voice✓ 正解一位有氣喘病史,主訴喉嚨痛與聲音沙啞的患者
- DA client with a blood glucose level of 220 mg/dL and a history of type 2 diabetes一位血糖值為 220 mg/dL 且有第二型糖尿病病史的患者
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
優先順序判斷應遵循 ABC 原則(呼吸道、呼吸、循環)。選項 C 的病人出現喉嚨痛與聲音沙啞,對於有氣喘史或潛在急性問題的病人,這可能是急性會厭炎或呼吸道受阻(Airway obstruction)的徵兆,具有立即的生命威脅。選項 B 的疼痛(Pain)雖然嚴重,但在 ABC 原則中屬於次要(Safety/Comfort)。選項 D 的血糖 220 mg/dL 雖高但不具備急迫危險。選項 A 的 COPD 病人 SpO2 91% 屬於該疾病的預期範圍內。因此,呼吸道安全(C)始終是臨床判斷的第一優先。
Using the ABC framework, the client with a raspy voice and sore throat is at highest risk for airway obstruction, requiring immediate assessment. Other findings, such as stable COPD oxygen levels or non-emergent hyperglycemia, are less urgent.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 NCLEX 考試極度強調 ABC 優先權與『預期與非預期(Expected vs Unexpected)』的區分;台灣急診臨床分級(TTAS)雖然邏輯相似,但在實際作業中,疼痛處理有時會因病人要求而提早介入,但考試時必須堅持 ABC 原則。