— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人正在靜脈滴注萬古黴素（vancomycin），哪種表徵提示病人出現「紅人症候群」？
A client is prescribed intravenous vancomycin. Which manifestation indicates the client is experiencing 'Red Man Syndrome'?
- ADecreased urine output尿量減少
- BWheezing and dyspnea喘鳴與呼吸困難
- CGeneralized urticaria全身性蕁麻疹
- DFlushing of the face and neck✓ 正解面部和頸部潮紅
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
「紅人症候群」（Red Man Syndrome）並非免疫媒介的真性過敏反應，而是因萬古黴素（Vancomycin）輸注過快，導致肥大細胞釋放大量組織胺所引起的類過敏反應。典型症狀包括面部、頸部、前胸及背部的潮紅（Flushing）、搔癢及低血壓。處理原則為立即暫停輸注，待症狀緩解後，以較慢的速率重新輸注或增加稀釋液量。
Red Man Syndrome is a histamine-mediated reaction caused by rapid vancomycin infusion, characterized by flushing of the face, neck, and upper torso. It is not a true IgE-mediated allergy, so symptoms like wheezing or generalized urticaria suggest anaphylaxis instead. Immediate management involves stopping the infusion and administering antihistamines before restarting at a slower rate.