護理師正為尿失禁病人制定計劃。哪項措施對維持皮膚完整性最有效?
A nurse is planning care for a client with urinary incontinence. Which intervention is most effective in maintaining skin integrity?
- ALimiting fluid intake to 1000 mL per day將液體攝取量限制為每天 1000 mL
- BIndwelling catheterization for all incontinent clients所有失禁病患均使用留置導尿管
- CApplying a moisture barrier ointment after each cleansing✓ 正解每次清潔後塗抹濕氣屏障軟膏
- DUsing adult briefs and changing them once per shift使用成人紙尿褲並每班更換一次
對於尿失禁的病人,維持皮膚完整性是護理照護的關鍵優先事項。長時間暴露於尿液中的皮膚,由於潮濕、pH 值改變以及尿液中的酶刺激,極易發生皮膚浸潤(maceration)、發紅、破損,甚至形成壓瘡或失禁相關性皮膚炎(Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis, IAD)。因此,最有效的預防措施是在每次清潔後,於受影響的皮膚區域塗抹一層水分屏障軟膏(moisture barrier ointment)。 這種軟膏能在皮膚表面形成一層保護膜,有效隔離尿液的刺激,保持皮膚乾燥,並提供滋潤,從而預防皮膚損傷。臨床思路方面,護理師應採取積極預防措施,而非僅僅處理已發生的問題,以確保病人的舒適和皮膚健康。
Applying a moisture barrier ointment after each cleansing is the most effective intervention to maintain skin integrity in clients with urinary incontinence. This creates a protective film that isolates the skin from urine, preventing maceration, redness, and incontinence-associated dermatitis.
美國重視「Incontinence Associated Dermatitis (IAD)」的專業預防流程;台灣近年也開始推廣皮膚保護觀念。