下列哪些行動展現了護理師作為病人權益倡導者的角色？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions demonstrates the nurse's role as a client advocate? (Select all that apply.)
- AAsking the physician to clarify a medication order that seems incorrect✓ 正解請醫師澄清看似錯誤的用藥醫囑
- BReporting a colleague who arrived to work showing signs of substance abuse✓ 正解舉報同事上班時呈現物質濫用跡象
- CAssisting a client in stating their preferences to the healthcare team✓ 正解協助病人向醫療團隊表達其偏好
- DEnsuring the client has received enough information to give informed consent✓ 正解確保病人已獲得足夠資訊以給予知情同意
- EPerforming all procedures without questioning the physician不質疑醫師而執行所有程序
護理師作為病人權益倡導者（Client Advocate），其核心任務是確保病人安全、維護其知情權並確保治療計畫符合病人最佳利益。當醫囑有誤時，必須提出質疑以防醫療錯誤；面對不適任同事，基於病人安全應採取舉報措施；協助病人表達需求則是尊重自主權的體現；確保知情同意則是法律與倫理的基石。這些行為皆直接保護病人免受潛在傷害，維護其尊嚴與自主權，而非盲目服從醫囑。
The nurse acts as a client advocate by questioning unclear medication orders, reporting impaired colleagues to protect patients, assisting clients in expressing their preferences, and ensuring informed consent is obtained. Blindly performing procedures without questioning violates the duty to safeguard patient rights and safety.
在美國臨床實務中，護理師對醫囑的質疑權（Questioning order）受到法規與護理專業自主的強力支持，且職場對於舉報不適任同事的機制（Whistleblowing policies）非常成熟且嚴謹，通常透過連鎖指揮鏈（Chain of command）進行。