加護病房 RN 發現連續滴注肝素的病患出現大出血,aPTT 140秒。護士停止了滴注。立即的藥物優先事項為何?
An intensive care RN discovers a client with an acute GI bleed on continuous IV heparin. aPTT is 140 seconds. The nurse instantly stops the heparin. What is the immediate pharmaceutical priority?
- AInject Protamine Sulfate promptly.✓ 正解立即注射魚精蛋白
- BInfuse Normal Saline extremely rapidly.極快速輸注生理食鹽水
- CWait 2 hours.等待兩小時
- DAdminister STAT Vitamin K.立即給予維生素K
本題的核心概念是肝素(heparin)過量時的藥物解毒處理。肝素是一種抗凝血劑,通過活化抗凝血酶 III(antithrombin III)來抑制凝血因子,延長活化部分凝血酶時間(aPTT)。當病患在接受肝素輸注期間出現急性腸胃道出血(acute GI bleed),且aPTT顯著延長至140秒(正常約25-35秒),這明確指示肝素劑量過高或病患對肝素反應過度,導致嚴重凝血功能障礙。此時,除了立即停止肝素輸注外,最關鍵的藥物介入是給予肝素的專屬解毒劑,以迅速逆轉其抗凝血作用,控制出血。
Protamine sulfate is the specific antidote for heparin overdose and must be administered immediately to reverse anticoagulation and control acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Vitamin K is used to reverse warfarin, not heparin, and saline infusion does not neutralize the effects of systemic anticoagulants.
抗凝血解毒劑基礎對應。