一位 55 歲患有高血壓的個案被開立 Lisinopril。護理師在首次回診時應優先評估下列哪項發現?
A 55-year-old client with a history of hypertension is prescribed lisinopril. Which assessment finding should the nurse prioritize during the initial follow-up visit?
- AHeart rate of 72 beats per minute心率為每分鐘 72 次
- BPresence of a persistent dry, non-productive cough✓ 正解出現持續性的乾咳(非產痰性咳嗽)
- CSerum potassium level of 4.2 mEq/L血清鉀濃度為 4.2 mEq/L
- DMild peripheral edema in the lower extremities下肢輕微周邊水腫
血管收縮素轉換酶抑制劑(ACEI)類藥物最常見的副作用是持續性乾咳,這是因為緩激肽(bradykinin)在肺部累積所致。雖然此副作用不會直接致命,但嚴重影響病人的藥物依從性,甚至可能誤導臨床診斷為呼吸道疾病,因此必須優先評估並告知病人。若乾咳持續無法忍受,醫師通常會評估將藥物更換為血管收縮素受體阻斷劑(ARB),該類藥物機轉相似但不會導致乾咳。其他選項中,心跳 72 下屬於正常範圍,鉀離子 4.2 mEq/L 亦屬正常,水腫需進一步鑑別是否為共病症而非單純藥物反應,故優先級低於已知的藥物副作用篩檢。
A persistent dry, non-productive cough is a common and prioritized side effect of ACE inhibitors like lisinopril, resulting from bradykinin accumulation in the respiratory tract. While heart rate and potassium levels within normal ranges are reassuring, the cough significantly impacts medication adherence and requires immediate assessment and potential provider notification.
在美國臨床執業中,護理師衛教 ACEI 副作用(咳嗽)的責任非常重,通常會詳細詢問病人 cough score;在台灣,此衛教多由醫師在開藥時進行,護理師較少在門診進行此類專門的藥物副作用監測。