護理師的哪項行為顯示違反了執業範圍？
Which action by the nurse demonstrates a violation of scope of practice?
- AChanging a sterile dressing according to the wound care protocol根據傷口護理指引更換無菌敷料
- BCollaborating with physical therapy for mobility goals與物理治療合作制定活動目標
- CProviding patient education about prescribed medications提供關於處方藥物的病人衛教
- DOrdering a diagnostic test for a client based on clinical judgment✓ 正解基於臨床判斷為病人開立診斷檢查
護理執業範圍（Scope of Practice）明確界定了護理師能做與不能做的醫療行為。護理師可以進行評估、執行醫囑、給藥與衛教，但「下達診斷性檢查醫囑」屬於醫師（Physician）或高階執業護理師（NP）的法定權限。護理師若自行開立檢驗，不僅違反法規，更可能因缺乏完整的醫療評估而導致醫療資源濫用或錯誤診斷。
Ordering diagnostic tests is a medical act that falls outside the licensed practical nurse's or registered nurse's scope of practice, as it requires advanced clinical judgment and prescriptive authority reserved for physicians or nurse practitioners. Nursing responsibilities include performing assessments, executing prescribed treatments, and providing patient education, but do not extend to initiating independent medical orders. Violating this scope can lead to legal consequences and patient safety risks.
在美國，護理師的執業範圍是由各州護理委員會（State Board of Nursing）嚴格定義的。雖然 NP（Nurse Practitioner）擁有開立處方與檢驗的權限，但 RN（Registered Nurse）則嚴格禁止。台灣護理師在執行臨床醫囑時常有較多模糊地帶，但在 NCLEX 考試中，必須嚴格區分 RN 與醫師的權責。