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降低風險 · EASY · MCQ

一位病人正持續接受氯化鉀靜脈輸注,護理師觀察到注射部位腫脹、觸感冰冷且蒼白。護理師應優先採取哪項措施?

A nurse is caring for a client with a continuous intravenous infusion of potassium chloride. The nurse notices the site is swollen, cool to the touch, and pale. Which action should the nurse take first?

  • AApply a warm compress
    應用溫敷
  • BNotify the physician
    通知醫師
  • CStop the infusion immediately✓ 正解
    立即停止輸注
  • DElevate the affected extremity
    抬高患肢
Explanation · 中文詳解

核心概念:靜脈輸液滲漏(Infiltration)的辨識與處理。 為何正確答案對: A. 此病人出現注射部位腫脹、冰冷、蒼白,這些是典型的靜脈輸液滲漏跡象,表示輸液已從血管滲入周圍皮下組織。鉀離子(Potassium Chloride)是強刺激性電解質,滲漏至組織會引起劇烈疼痛、組織發炎,甚至導致組織壞死。因此,首要且最緊急的措施是立即停止輸注,以防止更多刺激性藥物進入周圍組織,進一步造成傷害。 為何其他選項錯: B. 溫敷(Warm compress)通常用於促進吸收或緩解某些藥物(如某些化療藥物)引起的靜脈炎,但對於具腐蝕性的鉀離子滲漏,熱敷可能加劇組織損傷。此時應避免。 D. 抬高患肢(Elevate the affected extremity)有助於減輕腫脹,但這是在停止輸注後進行的後續措施,而非首要行動。 B. 通知醫師(Notify the physician)也是後續步驟,應在停止輸注並初步處理後進行。護理師的首要職責是立即移除或停止引發傷害的源頭。

The signs of swelling, coolness, and pallor indicate infiltration of the IV site. Since potassium chloride is a potent irritant that can cause severe tissue damage or necrosis if it leaks into subcutaneous tissue, the nurse must stop the infusion immediately to prevent further injury before notifying the provider or applying other interventions.

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