護理師照顧一名有癲癇病史且正處於癲癇重積狀態（Status Epilepticus）的病患。護理師應預期首先給予哪種藥物？
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of seizures who is experiencing status epilepticus. Which medication should the nurse expect to administer first?
- ALorazepam✓ 正解勞拉西泮
- BValproic acid丙戊酸
- CGabapentin加巴喷丁
- DPhenytoin苯妥英
癲癇重積狀態是指癲癇發作持續超過 5 分鐘或連續發作且中間意識未恢復，這是醫療急症。首選的急救藥物是苯二氮平類（Benzodiazepines），如靜脈注射勞拉西泮（Lorazepam）或安定（Diazepam）。這類藥物能迅速通過血腦屏障，抑制神經元的過度興奮，達到立即止抽的效果。選項 D（Phenytoin）通常在 Lorazepam 給予後接著使用，作為預防再次發作的長期穩定藥物。選項 B 與 C 則多用於日常口服預防。護理師必須記住「先止抽、再穩定」的給藥順序。
Status epilepticus is a medical emergency defined by continuous seizure activity lasting more than five minutes or recurrent seizures without regaining consciousness. Benzodiazepines, such as lorazepam, are the first-line treatment because they have a rapid onset of action to quickly stop seizure activity. Other medications like phenytoin are typically administered afterward to prevent recurrence.
美國 NCLEX 與臨床常將 Lorazepam 作為癲癇首選；台灣臨床實務中，Diazepam (Valium) 靜脈推注也極為常見，護理師需注意 Diazepam 易與塑膠管路吸附及推注速度需慢的特性。