— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
哪位病人發生高血容積（Hypervolemia）的風險最高？
Which of the following clients is at the highest risk for developing hypervolemia?
- AClient with gastroenteritis患有腸胃炎的病人
- BClient with chronic kidney disease✓ 正解患有慢性腎臟病的病人
- CClient with a high-grade fever患有高燒的病人
- DClient with severe burns in the initial phase處於初期的嚴重燒傷病人
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高血容積（Hypervolemia）即身體水分過多。慢性腎臟病（CKD）病人因腎元受損，無法有效排除鈉與水，極易導致液體滯留，風險最高。胃腸炎多導致脫水；發燒增加代謝與水分流失；燒傷初期液體會移至第三空間（Third spacing），初期表現多為血管內脫水而非高血容積。因此，CKD 應是首選風險個案。
Hypervolemia refers to an excess of body water. Clients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at the highest risk because damaged nephrons cannot effectively excrete sodium and water, leading to fluid retention. Gastroenteritis typically causes dehydration; fever increases metabolism and fluid loss; and in the early phase of burns, fluid shifts to the third space, so early findings are intravascular dehydration rather than hypervolemia. CKD is therefore the highest-risk client.