— 照護管理 · HARD · SATA —
災難事故後，護理師在急診進行檢傷分類。在災難檢傷系統中，哪些病人應歸類為「紅色」（立即處理）？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is triaging clients in an emergency department following a mass casualty incident. Which clients should the nurse categorize as 'Red' (immediate) under a disaster triage system? (Select all that apply.)
- AA client with an open fracture of the tibia who is conscious and alert脛骨開放性骨折但意識清楚且警覺的個案
- BA client with an airway obstruction who is struggling to breathe✓ 正解呼吸道阻塞且掙扎呼吸的個案
- CA client with tension pneumothorax and respiratory distress✓ 正解患有張力性氣胸並伴有呼吸窘迫的個案
- DA client with a minor laceration on the forehead額頭有輕微撕裂傷的個案
- EA client in hypovolemic shock due to internal hemorrhage✓ 正解因內出血導致低血容積性休克的個案
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
災難檢傷（START 等系統）的紅色標籤代表需「立即」處理，否則會有生命危險。選項 B（呼吸道阻塞）、C（張力性氣胸）及 E（低血容休克）皆為危及生命且治療後有極高存活率的急症。選項 A 為黃色（延遲），選項 D 為綠色（輕傷）。
In disaster triage, Red tags indicate immediate life-threatening conditions requiring urgent intervention to survive. Airway obstruction, tension pneumothorax, and hypovolemic shock are critical emergencies that fit this category. Conversely, open fractures without systemic compromise are classified as Delayed (Yellow), and minor injuries are Walking Wounded (Green).
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國災難護理廣泛使用 START 系統；台灣大型災難亦導入類似系統，但強調跨部門協作。