一位慢性腎臟病病人被處方使用紅血球生成素(Epoetin alfa)。護理師應監測哪項檢驗值以評估此藥物的療效?
A client with chronic kidney disease is prescribed epoetin alfa. Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor to determine the effectiveness of this medication?
- AHemoglobin血紅素正確答案
- BBlood urea nitrogen (BUN)尿素氮 (BUN)
- CWhite blood cell (WBC) count白血球 (WBC) 計數
- DSerum potassium血清鉀
- A血紅素
Epoetin alfa 是一種人工合成的紅血球生成素(EPO),主要用於治療慢性腎衰竭、洗腎或癌症化療引起的貧血。其作用是刺激骨髓產生紅血球。評估其療效最直接、最標準的指標就是「血紅素(Hemoglobin)」或「血球比容(Hematocrit)」。護理目標通常是將 Hb 維持在約 10–11 g/dL;FDA 建議避免 Hb 超過 11 g/dL(KDIGO 為不超過 11.5 g/dL),超過會增加血栓、中風或心肌梗塞的風險,因此需調整劑量。B 選項 BUN 反映腎功能而非 EPO 療效;D 選項鉀離子與腎病有關但非 EPO 監測重點;C 選項 WBC 反映免疫與感染。這題測驗護理師對藥物治療分類(血液系統藥物)與評估指標的掌握。
- A · 正確答案血紅素
紅血球生成素的作用是促進骨髓製造紅血球。監測血紅素(Hb)是判斷藥物是否成功改善貧血的最主要依據。
- B尿素氮 (BUN)
BUN 是衡量腎臟排泄廢物能力的指標,與紅血球生成無關,因此不能用來評估 Epoetin alfa 的治療效果。
- C白血球 (WBC) 計數
白血球計數是用於評估感染或免疫功能。Epoetin alfa 專一性作用於紅血球系,不會影響白血球數量。
- D血清鉀
雖然腎病病人需嚴密監測鉀離子,但那是為了預防高血鉀心律不整,並非紅血球生成素的藥效評估指標。
美國 FDA 對 Epoetin alfa 有明確的「Black Box Warning」,強調 Hb >11 g/dL 時的血栓風險,護理師對此數值極度敏感。台灣臨床也會監測 Hb,但對於「因為 Hb 達標而主動建議醫師停藥/減量」的護理介入主動性上,可能因健保規範與醫囑依賴度而有所不同。
English explanation
Option A is correct because epoetin alfa is synthetic erythropoietin that stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells, treating anemia associated with chronic renal failure, dialysis, or cancer chemotherapy. Hemoglobin, or alternatively hematocrit, is the most direct and standard measure of the medication's effectiveness. The usual goal is to maintain hemoglobin at about 10-11 g/dL; the FDA advises avoiding hemoglobin above 11 g/dL (KDIGO: not above 11.5 g/dL), because higher levels increase the risks of thrombosis, stroke, and myocardial infarction, so the dose must be adjusted. Option B is incorrect because blood urea nitrogen reflects kidney function rather than epoetin alfa effectiveness. Option D is incorrect because serum potassium relates to kidney disease but is not the key measure of this therapy. Option C is incorrect because the white blood cell count reflects immunity and infection.