護理師正在指導一位新處方 Albuterol(沙丁胺醇)和 Beclomethasone(倍氯米松)定量噴霧吸入器的氣喘病人。下列哪項指導最重要?
A nurse is teaching a client who is newly prescribed albuterol and beclomethasone metered-dose inhalers for asthma. Which instruction is most important?
- ARinse your mouth with water only after using the albuterol inhaler.使用沙丁胺醇吸入器後,僅用清水漱口。
- BOnly use the albuterol inhaler when you feel short of breath.只有在感到呼吸困難時才使用沙丁胺醇吸入器。
- CUse the beclomethasone inhaler first, then wait 5 minutes before using albuterol.先使用倍氯米松吸入器,然後在使用沙丁胺醇之前等待 5 分鐘。
- DUse the albuterol inhaler first, then wait 5 minutes before using beclomethasone.✓ 正解先使用沙丁胺醇吸入器,然後在使用倍氯米松之前等待 5 分鐘。
這題考查的是多種吸入劑使用的順序與機轉。Albuterol(沙丁胺醇)是一種短效乙型交感神經受體擴張劑(SABA),能在幾分鐘內擴張支氣管;Beclomethasone 則是一種皮質類固醇,用於減少呼吸道炎症。正確順序應是「先擴張、後給藥」。先使用 Albuterol 打開狹窄的呼吸道,等待約 5 分鐘後,後續的類固醇藥物才能更深入、更有效地到達遠端支氣管。選項 C 順序錯誤。選項 A 提到的漱口主要是類固醇藥物的要求,以預防口腔念珠菌感染(鵝口瘡)。選項 B 雖然部分正確(Albuterol 是救援藥),但這不是吸入技巧中最關鍵的協同作用原則。臨床思維應建立在「最大化藥物傳遞效率」之上:先解決阻塞(擴張),再進行治療(消炎)。
This item tests the sequence and mechanism of using multiple inhalers. Albuterol is a short-acting beta-adrenergic agonist (SABA) that dilates the bronchi within minutes, while beclomethasone is a corticosteroid used to reduce airway inflammation. The correct sequence is "bronchodilator first, steroid afterward." Using albuterol first opens the narrowed airways; after about 5 minutes, the subsequent corticosteroid can reach the distal bronchi more deeply and effectively. Option C has the sequence reversed. Option A refers to rinsing, which is primarily required for steroid inhalers to prevent oral candidiasis (thrush). Option B, while partially correct (albuterol is a rescue inhaler), is not the most critical synergistic principle in inhaler technique. Clinical reasoning should be based on "maximizing drug delivery efficiency"—first resolve obstruction (dilation), then treat (anti-inflammatory).
美國 NCLEX 考題非常強調『吸入輔助器 (Spacer)』的使用與漱口防感染的衛教。在台灣,雖然吸入劑使用普遍,但病人常因覺得麻煩而省略漱口或順序混亂。美國護理師常會要求病人現場回覆示範(Teach-back method),台灣護理人員在衛教時需更強調這兩種藥物本質上的差異(救援型 vs. 保養型)。