— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
針對困難梭狀芽孢桿菌（C. difficile）的病人，護理師採取下列哪些措施符合感染控制原則？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates proper infection control for a client with Clostridium difficile? (Select all that apply.)
- APerform hand hygiene using alcohol-based hand sanitizer使用酒精性乾洗手液進行手部衛生
- BWear a gown and gloves when entering the room✓ 正解進入房間時穿戴隔離衣和手套
- CClean contaminated equipment with bleach-based solutions✓ 正解使用含漂白劑的溶液清潔受污染的設備
- DPlace the client in a negative pressure isolation room將病人安置在負壓隔離病房
- EDedicate specific medical equipment to the client✓ 正解為病人指定特定的醫療設備
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
C. difficile 的芽孢對酒精有抗性，因此必須用肥皂與水洗手。接觸隔離須穿戴防護衣與手套。環境消毒需使用漂白水以殺滅芽孢。負壓隔離是空氣傳播疾病所需（如結核病），非此菌所需。專用器材可避免交叉污染。
Clostridium difficile spores are resistant to alcohol, so hand hygiene must be performed with soap and water. Contact precautions require wearing a gown and gloves, and dedicated medical equipment should be used to prevent cross-contamination. Environmental cleaning must utilize bleach-based solutions, which are effective against spores, whereas negative pressure isolation is reserved for airborne pathogens.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫療機構對 C. diff 控管極嚴格；台灣臨床常見依賴酒精乾洗手，需加強對芽孢抵抗性的教育。