護理師正在評估病人的跌倒風險。哪項因素是預測未來跌倒最強的指標?
A nurse is assessing a client's risk for falls. Which factor is the strongest predictor of a future fall?
- AThe use of multiple medications使用多種藥物
- BImpaired vision視力受損
- CAge over 65年齡超過 65 歲
- DHistory of a previous fall✓ 正解有跌倒病史
跌倒在醫療照護環境中是一個常見且嚴重的病人安全問題,可能導致骨折、頭部受傷甚至死亡。護理師在入院評估或定期評估時,會使用各種跌倒風險評估工具(如 Morse Fall Scale 或 Hendrich II Fall Risk Model)來識別高風險病人,並制定預防措施。 在眾多跌倒風險因素中,「過去曾有跌倒紀錄 (history of a previous fall)」被廣泛認為是預測未來跌倒最強的獨立指標。這是因為一次跌倒往往揭示了病人存在潛在的、未解決的風險因素,例如步態不穩、平衡障礙、肌力不足、藥物副作用或環境危害等。這些因素在未來很可能再次導致跌倒。因此,護理師在進行跌倒風險評估時,應特別重視病人的跌倒史,並據此制定更積極、更個人化的預防策略,這符合「降低風險潛能」的護理原則。 其他選項雖然也是風險因素,但不如跌倒史具有如此強的預測性。
A history of a previous fall is the strongest independent predictor of future falls because it indicates underlying unresolved risks such as gait instability, balance deficits, or muscle weakness. While factors like polypharmacy, impaired vision, and advanced age contribute to fall risk, they are less predictive than a documented history of falling. Nurses should prioritize this history when developing individualized prevention strategies.